科教領域鮮為人知的創新工作 Barely known but very useful Science education works

CHIEN-HENG CHOU^1*

¹航空光機電系, 萬能科技大學, 桃園, Taiwan

* Presenter:CHIEN-HENG CHOU, email:chou0717@gmail.com

本次演講，主要介紹過去幾十年的工作內容及目的，希望能夠擴大推廣相關成果，且實質提高國內外物理教學的品質。
教科書的內容的確非常重要，但表達方式則有改進的空間。作者發現，謹慎選擇範圍適當的主題，並研發一系列講授這項主題各項重點的教具，撰寫適當的書籍、教案、說明等等，以形成完整的教學資源。這樣的作品，無論在實際運用上、市場需求上、乃至於推廣等方面，都具有一定的價值。
所謂完整的主題，是指涵蓋的內容能夠形成可實際運用、可進一步發展、可了解的特定主題。因為零星的、或組織鬆散的科學知識，常常不能實用，也無助於進一步學習。
所選擇的主題似乎大家耳熟能詳、了無新意，其實不然。事實是，針對常見的教學瑕疵，致使學習者對這些最常見的原理一知半解甚至誤解，作者用創新的系列教具和配套文字資料，使人們容易深入且正確了解這些主題。
針對這樣的科學主題，發展一系列的教具，搭配說明的文字內容，形成教學資源，這是一項創意。已經完成或嘗試完成的工作如下：1.發電原理、2.熱機原理、3.風車原理、4.顯微鏡望遠鏡原理，在理論的完整性以及組織結構，都進一步改良，所發展的系列教具也較為完整，還有配套的文字資料，是比較成熟的工作成果。
例如：發電機原理，在課本中，發電機原理常常只強調與法拉第定律有關，其實不然。因為發電機發電的時候，絕不只涉及法拉第定律，還包括電流在磁場當中受力等等，而且發電機基本上是能量轉換器，而不只是電壓產生器，所以發展「一系列教具」以及相關的文字，將完整的內容敘述清楚，使得學習者深入了解發電原理，甚至設計新的發電機，修正教科書的瑕疵。
又例如：在談到熱機時，在課本中只提出卡諾引擎與相關的計算，這令學習者覺得非常唐突。但事實上所有引擎的原理都是一樣的，它們的主角都是進行熱機循環的工作流體，卡諾引擎也不例外。作者發展一系列不同的熱機，以突出所有發動機原理都一樣，使得孤單的卡諾循環的計算，變成「完整的」熱機教學的一部分。此系列熱機教具包括可描繪工作流體PV圖的熱機。同時撰寫配套的文字資料，以妥善組織這些知識，活化系列教具的功能，形成完整的教學資源。
又例如：望遠鏡與顯微鏡原理是教科書中必有的內容，但學生學習後多不能理解和記憶，因為教科書中敘述實像與透鏡組合並不恰當。作者於是發展出透鏡成像演示儀、實像實驗、以及教學用顯微鏡和望遠鏡等系列教具，撰寫配套文字資料，以形成完整實用的科學教材。
又例如：現代風車之「轉動原理」和「設計步驟」此跨領域主題，目前尚無完整資料，作者研究這兩項主題，同時發展出系列教具，加以解說。
其餘尚包括轉動、振動、流體力學、高壓電、微積分、電路等主題，作者也有若干創新的看法，也在著手改進，逐漸形成教學資源。
作者的理想是，用實驗而眼見為憑的易懂方法，排除常見的誤解與瑕疵，真正深入了解眾所周知、但其實並未掌握的完整科學，使人們可用於解決實際問題或創作。

This lecture mainly introduces the content and purpose of the author’s work in the past few decades, hoping to expand the promotion of related achievements and substantially to improve the quality of physics teaching at home and abroad by using these achievements.

The content of the textbook is indeed very important, but there is room for improvement in the way of expression. The appropriate topics were carefully selected, and a series of teaching instruments were developed to teach the key points of the selected topics. Furthermore, appropriate books, lesson plans, explanations which illustrate the selected topics and related educational instruments were written. Therefore several complete teaching resources are formed. Such works have a certain value in terms of practical application, market demand, and even promotion.

The so-called complete theme means that the content covered can form a specific theme that can be used, further developed, and understood, because sporadic or loosely organized scientific knowledge is often not practical or helpful for further study.

The chosen theme seems familiar to everyone and well known, but it is not true. The fact is that common teaching flaws that cause learners to have a half-understanding or even misunderstanding of these most common principles.

The author uses several innovative series of teaching aids and supporting text materials to make it easy for people to understand these topics in depth and correctly.
Aiming at such a scientific theme, it is an innovative idea to develop various series of teaching instruments and write the text content of the explanation of the series of teaching instruments. The works that have been completed or tried is as follows: 1. Principles of power generation, 2. Principles of heat engine, 3. Principles of wind turbines, 4. Principles of microscopes and telescopes.
Although all the topics are well known and very popular, most people could not exactly understand the knowledge related to the topics and could not use the knowledge to solve the practical problems and to develop new achievements. Author’s works help people understand completely and organize the related knowledge by demonstrating related series of education instruments and by the related books. Therefore learners can master the knowledge deeply and correctly and use the knowledge to innovate new achievements.

Keywords: 系列教具、完整教材、教科書 Educational instruments, textbooks, 熱機 Principles of heat engine, 風力發電 Principles of wind turbines, 顯微鏡與望遠鏡 Principles of microscopes and telescopes, 發電 Principles of power generation